When it comes to model railroading, track selection is a fundamental decision, second only to scale. The depth of your track affects the reliability, susceptibility to derailment, appearance, and of course the cost of your layout.
For HO scale trains, the two most commonly debated track sizes are Code 100 and Code 83. “Code” refers to the height of the rail, measured in thousandths of an inch. For casual modelers, these two types of tracks are nearly interchangeable, but the differences can make an impact on how your build functions and how realistic it looks.
While Code 100 still has a place (especially for any vintage collectors), Code 83 has supplanted the former as the popular choice for modern modelers.
Historically, deep flanged train models could only run on Code 100. Those classic models are lovingly called “pizza cutters” by the community, but most modern models feature a low-profile style of wheel. The aesthetics of lower profile wheels are, in my opinion, preferable to the older style, and I’m not alone. They’ve become predominant on the market for a reason. That said, they’re not without drawbacks.
Code 100 and Code 83 tracks each offer distinct advantages for HO scale layouts. Code 100’s taller rails are less prone to damage or derailment. Not only that, but many modelers argue that the higher profile makes them easier to align, but that becomes less relevant as you gain more experience building layouts.
Overall, Code 100 is still an excellent choice for high-traffic areas or layouts you frequently use with a variety of models. Minor imperfections in trackwork or wheel tolerances are much less of a problem with these higher rails. If you’re like me and you inherited a number of older models, you’ll probably want to keep using Code 100 tracks unless you have good reason not to.
On the other hand, Code 83 track offers a more prototypical appearance and is generally considered the more realistic option. The lower rail profile of Code 83 more closely matches the proportions of real North American mainline railroads when scaled down to HO.
For purpose-built layouts designed to represent real-world tracks and stations, Code 83 is much more “picture perfect.” Low-profile wheels and rails significantly enhance the visual realism of a layout when you see it up close (or in photos). If you visit any modeling events or exhibits, you’ll almost definitely see Code 83 rails.
When it comes to compatibility, Code 100 track tends to work well with a wider range of rolling stock, including older models with larger wheel flanges. Code 83 may have issues with some older equipment, but it’s compatible with most modern HO scale wheels.
Cost also favors Code 100, but that advantage is quickly diminishing. Code 100 was the industry standard for many decades, so you can make an argument for availability depending on your region and preferred retailer. With online shopping, though, it’s pretty easy to find your chosen rail and scale, no matter how niche.
Ultimately, the choice between Code 100 and Code 83 comes down to balancing your operational needs and aesthetic preferences. Perusing the Model Train Forum, one great technique I came across was to use Code 100 in hidden staging areas and Code 83 for visible mainline trackage as a compromise. Even so, I’ll probably stick with Code 100 for any future builds so I can use my father-in-law’s classic models, worry-free.
If you’re meticulous about installation and maintenance, both Code 100 and Code 83 track will realistically provide smooth, reliable operation, and at a distance, only the most discerning eyes will even notice the difference.
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- Written by Matt Herr